Why Are Men at Higher Risk for Heart Disease?

So what is the reason for men being more at risk of heart disease?

Heart disease remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and while it affects both men and women, men are statistically at higher risk. This gender disparity is a result of a combination of biological, behavioural, and lifestyle factors that make men more vulnerable to cardiovascular conditions.

In this blog, I’ll explore why men are at a greater risk for heart disease, the contributing factors, and how they can take proactive steps to protect their heart health.

Heart Disease and Gender The Statistics

Research consistently shows that men are more likely to develop heart disease at a younger age than women. According to the British Heart Foundation (BHF), coronary heart disease kills more than twice as many men under 75 compared to women in the same age group in the UK. Additionally, men are more likely to suffer fatal heart attacks.

Understanding the reasons behind this increased risk can help men recognise the importance of monitoring their heart health and adopting preventive measures.

Biological Factors Why Men Are More Vulnerable

1. Hormonal Differences

One of the primary reasons for the disparity in heart disease risk is the protective role of oestrogen in women. Oestrogen helps maintain healthy blood vessels and cholesterol levels, which reduces the risk of heart disease in premenopausal women. Men, who lack this hormonal advantage, are more likely to experience the build-up of fatty deposits in their arteries (atherosclerosis) earlier in life.

After menopause, women lose much of this protection, which is why their risk of heart disease increases significantly after age 55.

2. Cholesterol and Fat Distribution

Men are more likely to store fat around their abdomen, which is associated with higher levels of visceral fat. Visceral fat surrounds internal organs and is linked to increased inflammation, insulin resistance, and higher levels of LDL ("bad") cholesterol—all of which are risk factors for heart disease.

• Evidence: Studies published by the NHS show that men typically have higher LDL cholesterol and lower HDL ("good") cholesterol than women, particularly in younger age groups.

3. Blood Pressure and Hypertension

Men are more likely to develop high blood pressure earlier in life than women. High blood pressure increases the strain on the heart and blood vessels, contributing to heart disease, heart failure, and stroke.

• NHS Insight: The NHS highlights that high blood pressure is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease, often going undetected due to its lack of obvious symptoms.

Lifestyle and Behavioural Factors

1. Smoking

Smoking is one of the most significant risk factors for heart disease, and men are more likely to smoke than women, particularly in certain age groups and cultures. Smoking damages the lining of the arteries, raises blood pressure, and reduces oxygen levels in the blood, increasing the heart’s workload.

• Key Statistic: The World Health Organisation (WHO) reports that globally, 40% of men smoke compared to only 9% of women.

2. Stress and Coping Mechanisms

Men are often less likely to discuss or seek help for stress and mental health issues. Chronic stress can raise blood pressure and contribute to unhealthy coping mechanisms, such as excessive drinking, smoking, or overeating—all of which increase heart disease risk.

3. Physical Activity

While men are often perceived as being more physically active, sedentary lifestyles have become more common across all genders. A lack of regular exercise leads to weight gain, high blood pressure, and increased cholesterol levels—all significant contributors to heart disease.

• Tip: The NHS Physical Activity Guidelines recommend at least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic activity per week to support heart health.

4. Dietary Habits

Men are more likely to consume diets high in red meat, saturated fats, and processed foods, which can lead to obesity and increased cholesterol. Poor dietary habits are a major contributor to plaque build-up in the arteries.

Recognising the Signs of Heart Disease in Men

One challenge in addressing heart disease is that many men don’t recognise the early warning signs. Symptoms can include:

• Chest pain or discomfort

• Shortness of breath

• Fatigue or weakness

• Palpitations or irregular heartbeats

• Swelling in the legs or ankles

These symptoms shouldn’t be ignored. If you experience them, consult a healthcare professional promptly.

What Men Can Do to Lower Their Risk

The good news is that many risk factors for heart disease can be managed or even eliminated through lifestyle changes. Here’s how men can take control of their heart health:

1. Know Your Numbers

Regularly monitor your blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar levels. These simple checks can identify potential problems early, even before symptoms develop. The NHS offers free health checks for adults aged 40-74 as part of its prevention programme.

2. Quit Smoking

Quitting smoking is one of the most impactful steps you can take to reduce your risk of heart disease. The NHS Stop Smoking Service provides support, advice, and resources to help you quit for good.

3. Adopt a Heart-Healthy Diet

Focus on a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats. Limit your intake of processed foods, saturated fats, and added sugars. The Eatwell Guide offers practical advice for building a balanced diet.

4. Stay Physically Active

Incorporate at least 30 minutes of moderate exercise into your daily routine. Activities like brisk walking, cycling, or swimming can strengthen your heart and improve circulation.

5. Manage Stress

Find healthy ways to cope with stress, such as mindfulness, yoga, or regular exercise. Talking to a friend, family member, or mental health professional can also make a significant difference.

6. Limit Alcohol

Stick to the UK’s recommended guidelines of no more than 14 units of alcohol per week. Drinking in moderation can help maintain healthy blood pressure and weight.

When to See a Cardiologist

If you have risk factors for heart disease—such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, or a family history—it’s worth consulting a cardiologist for a thorough evaluation. A specialist can recommend tests like an ECG, echocardiogram, or blood tests to assess your heart health and provide personalised advice.

Conclusion

Understanding why men are at higher risk for heart disease is the first step in taking proactive action to protect your heart health. Biological factors like cholesterol and blood pressure play a role, but lifestyle habits such as smoking, diet, and physical activity are equally critical. The good news is that most of these risk factors can be managed through simple lifestyle changes and regular check-ups.

If you’re concerned about your heart health or want to know more about reducing your risk, contact us here to book an appointment. Our team is dedicated to helping you achieve and maintain optimal heart health.